How to protect your eyes and safely view the solar eclipse

Monday, April 8th, is a special day in science and astronomy! Parts of the Mid-South will be in an eclipse’s path of totality, meaning viewers will experience a total solar eclipse. Viewers who aren’t in the path of totality can still enjoy the experience of seeing a partial solar eclipse. This can be an exciting event for both kids and parents, as long as we practice “safe viewing." Division Chief of Outpatient Pediatrics, UTHSC and Medical Director of Family Resilience Initiative at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Jason Yaun, MD, provides insight into why we must protect our eyes and how to safely view the eclipse.

What is a total solar eclipse?

A total solar eclipse happens when the moon passes directly in front of the sun, blocking all of its light and causing a shadow to sweep across the Earth during the daytime. Because the moon is 400 times smaller than the sun - but also 400 times closer to the Earth - they fit just right and can create a total solar eclipse! The "path of totality" will experience total darkness and other areas will experience a partial solar eclipse. A partial solar eclipse will look like the moon has taken a bite out of the sun.

What is the danger of viewing the eclipse without eye protection?

The crescent of the sun is just as bright and strong as a day without an eclipse. Looking at the sun, even briefly, can cause temporary or even permanent damage to the vision cells of the eye. The damage might not be noticed until a few hours later because the cells still function for a short time after damage. This is known as “Solar Retinopathy." It is important to never look directly at the sun. It is especially important to never look at the sun through a camera, telescope or binoculars as this can cause serious eye injuries.

What eye protection is needed?

Specialized filters or eclipse glasses – glasses or viewing film made of specific type of “Mylar” that say ISO 12312-2- are required to view the eclipse before and after totality and at all times for those who are not in the path of totality. These are approved by the International Standards Organization and endorsed by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Glasses meeting these requirements can be purchased through American Paper Optics.

Do you need the eye protection if you are outside but aren’t viewing the eclipse?

It is recommended that children, and their parents, wear appropriate eye protection every day. Don’t forget to wear sunscreen as well!

Why won’t sunglasses work as protection?

No sunglass lens is strong enough to protect your eyes when looking at the sun. Approved “eclipse glasses” are 1,000 times darker than regular sunglasses.

Where can you get the proper eye wear?

There are multiple sites, both local and online – be sure that they meet the approved standard and indicate ISO 12312-2.

Is it safe to take photos or look at the solar eclipse through a camera lens?

Only devices fitted with special solar filters can be used, and only with caution. Remember that cameras, binoculars and telescopes concentrate the light and make it even MORE intense.

What other tips or advice for safely viewing the eclipse do you have for parents?

There are multiple credible sites with advice and suggestions on safe alternative ways to view an eclipse. Two particularly good ones are https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/future-eclipses/eclipse-2024/ and eclipse.aas.org. Enjoy this rare event and have fun learning about the amazing wonders of science!